Structured query language (SQL) is a programming language for storing and processing information in a relational database. A relational database stores information in tabular form, with rows and columns representing different data attributes and the various relationships between the data values. You can use SQL statements to store, update, remove, search, and retrieve information from the database. You can also use SQL to maintain and optimize database performance.

The language to communicate with the relational database is the SQL or Structured Query Language. SQL programming helps to operate the relational database and derive information from it.

Some of the operations that SQL does include, is the creation of a database, fetching, modifying, updating, and deleting the rows along with storing, manipulating, and retrieving data within the relational database. SQL programming is an ANSI standard language but there are a lot of versions of SQL in use as well.

 

Why Is SQL Required?

SQL is required for the following tasks

• To create new databases, tables, and views
• To insert records in a database
• To update records in a database
• To delete records from a database
• To retrieve data from a database

Features of SQL

Here in this section of the MS SQL tutorial for beginners, we list some of the top features of SQL that make it so ubiquitous when it comes to managing relational databases.

• SQL is a very simple and easy-to-learn language.
• SQL is versatile as it works with database systems from Oracle, IBM, Microsoft, etc.
• SQL is an ANSI and ISO standard language for database creation and manipulation.
• SQL has a well-defined structure as it uses long-established standards
• SQL is very fast in retrieving large amounts of data very efficiently.
• SQL lets you manage databases without knowing a lot of coding.

 

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SQL Syntax

The syntax is a collection of rules and guidelines that SQL adheres to. Since SQL is case insensitive, the terms SELECT and select in SQL statements have the same sense. MySQL, on the other hand, distinguishes between table names. If you’re using MySQL, you’ll need to specify table names exactly as they appear in the database.

Various SQL keywords are:

• INSERT
• UPDATE
• DELETE
• ALTER
• DROP
• CREATE
• USE, etc.

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Aggregate Functions

An aggregate function in database management is a function that groups the values of multiple rows as input on certain parameters to create a single value with more significant significance.

Various Aggregate Functions

COUNT– the number of elements in the given group is counted

SUM– computes the total of the given attribute/expression in the specified category

AVG– computes the average value of a given attribute/expression in a fixed category

MIN– finds the smallest value in a set of numbers

MAX– returns the highest value in the defined group


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