WHAT IS  PL/SQL ? YOU KNOW ABOUT IT?

Effective data manipulation and management are critical for applications to run smoothly in the world of relational database management systems (RDBMS). A strong programming language that goes beyond conventional SQL is offered by Oracle Database, a market leader in this area, under the name PL/SQL (Procedural Language/Structured Query Language). Developers can build programs that mix data querying and manipulation with procedural logic by using the PL/SQL programming language. We'll go into the realm of PL/SQL in this blog article, looking at its features, advantages, use cases, and more.

PL/SQL is a block structured language that can have multiple blocks in it.

Our PL/SQL tutorial includes all topics of PL/SQL language such as conditional statements, loops, arrays, string, exceptions, collections, records, triggers, functions, procedures, cursors etc. There are also given PL/SQL interview questions and quizzes to help you better understand the PL/SQL language.

SQL stands for Structured Query Language i.e. used to perform operations on the records stored in database such as inserting records, updating records, deleting records, creating, modifying and dropping tables, views etc.
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What is PL/SQL

PL/SQL is a block structured language. The programs of PL/SQL are logical blocks that can contain any number of nested sub-blocks. Pl/SQL stands for "Procedural Language extension of SQL" that is used in Oracle. PL/SQL is integrated with Oracle database (since version 7). The functionalities of PL/SQL usually extended after each release of Oracle database. Although PL/SQL is closely integrated with SQL language, yet it adds some programming constraints that are not available in SQL.

PL/SQL Functionalities

PL/SQL includes procedural language elements like conditions and loops. It allows declaration of constants and variables, procedures and functions, types and variable of those types and triggers. It can support Array and handle exceptions (runtime errors). After the implementation of version 8 of Oracle database have included features associated with object orientation. You can create PL/SQL units like procedures, functions, packages, types and triggers, etc. which are stored in the database for reuse by applications.

With PL/SQL, you can use SQL statements to manipulate Oracle data and flow of control statements to process the data.

The PL/SQL is known for its combination of data manipulating power of SQL with data processing power of procedural languages. It inherits the robustness, security, and portability of the Oracle Database.

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PL/SQL offers the following key features:

1. Procedural Constructs: PL/SQL includes programming constructs like loops, conditional statements (IF-ELSE), and exception handling, which allow developers to create more complex and sophisticated logic than what SQL alone can provide.

2. Data Manipulation: PL/SQL can be used to manipulate data in the database using SQL statements. It enables developers to create custom data manipulation routines, such as inserting, updating, and deleting records.

3. Modularity and Reusability: Developers can encapsulate code into procedures, functions, and packages. This promotes code reusability, maintainability, and modularity in larger applications.
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4. Exception Handling: PL/SQL provides mechanisms for handling errors that may occur during program execution. This ensures that applications can gracefully handle unexpected situations and prevent crashes.

5. Transaction Control: Developers can manage transactions explicitly using COMMIT and ROLLBACK statements, allowing for better control over data integrity and consistency.

6. Integration with SQL: PL/SQL is tightly integrated with SQL, which means that SQL statements can be embedded within PL/SQL code and vice versa. This integration is particularly useful for combining data retrieval and manipulation operations with procedural logic.

7. Triggers and Stored Procedures: PL/SQL can be used to define triggers, which are automatic actions that execute in response to specific events (e.g., record insertion, update, or deletion). Additionally, stored procedures and functions can be created in PL/SQL and then executed from various applications.

8. Security: PL/SQL provides security features such as access control, allowing administrators to restrict who can execute specific PL/SQL code.
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   Here's a brief overview of PL/SQL:
   
   Integration with SQL: PL/SQL seamlessly integrates SQL queries for data retrieval and manipulation within its programming constructs. This allows developers to mix SQL operations with procedural logic, making it easier to manage and process data.
   
   Procedural Constructs: PL/SQL supports programming constructs like loops, conditional statements (IF-ELSE), and exception handling. These constructs enable developers to build structured and modular code, facilitating the development of complex applications.
   
   Stored Procedures: PL/SQL allows you to create stored procedures, which are named blocks of code that can be executed later. These procedures can encapsulate business logic and be reused across different parts of an application.
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   Functions: Functions in PL/SQL are similar to procedures, but they return a value. They are often used to perform calculations or retrieve data based on input parameters.
   
   Triggers: PL/SQL triggers are pieces of code that are automatically executed in response to specific events in the database, such as data manipulation (insert, update, delete). Triggers can enforce business rules, maintain data integrity, and automate actions
   
   .Exception Handling: PL/SQL provides mechanisms to handle errors that may occur during program execution. Developers can catch and manage exceptions, ensuring that applications gracefully handle unexpected situations.
   Packages: Packages are PL/SQL constructs that group related procedures, functions, variables, and types together into a single unit. This promotes code organization, reusability, and encapsulation
   
   .Dynamic SQL: PL/SQL supports dynamic SQL, which allows developers to construct SQL queries dynamically during runtime. This is useful when the exact structure of the query isn't known beforehand.
   
   Transaction Management: PL/SQL provides control over database transactions using statements like COMMIT and ROLLBACK. This ensures data consistency and integrity when performing multiple database operations.
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   Security: PL/SQL offers security features like access control, allowing administrators to restrict who can execute specific PL/SQL code.
   
   Performance Optimization: PL/SQL programs can be compiled and stored in the database, resulting in better performance as compared to sending individual SQL statements over the network.
   
   
   
   
   
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   Mentor - Vyankatesh Panchal
   Intormation and research are sources from internet.
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